Growing the tendons on a scaffold would allow for a more precise fit for the new tendon to the body.This interface consists of a band of fibroblast-laden, interdigitating band of tissue that connects the dense collagen fibers of the tendon to the more elastic muscle fibers while displaying a gradient of structural properties. An example of this would be a tommy john injury or a torn MCL or ACL where a junction or replacement ligament might be needed in order to fully heal the injury.
Tendon or tissue junction injuries can occur in various ways. Typical Injuries Requiring Tissue Junction Ethical concerns with in vitro tissue/cell growth as well as stem cell research.Possibility of latent disease/illness with the use of foreign tissues/cells in scaffolding.Uses ready-made, off-the-shelf tissue engineered TBI grafts.Improves upon existing repair/reconstruction techniques such as suture anchor / Drill holes in bone.Repairs tendon– bone interface (TBI) which is a uniquely strong junction in human tissues that is extremely difficult to reconstruct.Maintains strength – New methods described in this invention have led to decellularization of the tendon-bone interface.Lower limb – ACL, Achilles tendon, Knee collateral ligament.Upper limb – Rotator cuff Zone I, Flexor tendon repairs at TBI, Elbow collateral ligament, Biceps attachment, scapholunate ligament, collateral ligaments.Tissue reconstruction of upper and lower limbs:.Next steps are to develop techniques to enhance the growth, proliferation, and migration of allogeneic cells seeded onto the decellularized scaffold with the goal of promoting more rapid tendon engraftment and restoration of pre-injury strength and mechanics. The lab has demonstrated that this decellularized composite tissue is a viable scaffold for the growth and proliferation of human cells, including dermal fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. This technology is based on decellularizing human tendon-bone interfaces by a process that greatly reduces the cellular content and nucleic acid content of the tendon and bone while preserving the mechanical strength and biological properties of the strong anchoring junction. The use of these scaffolds would allow reconstruction with bone-to-bone and tendon-to-tendon healing, creating stronger junctions at an earlier time point. Example of a Bone-Tendon Junction using a ScaffoldĪllogeneic tendon-bone scaffolds can be used as engraftments in the upper and lower extremities. ECM’s are adequate scaffolds for cellular and fibrotic growth and also it reduces the risk of provoking an inflammatory response.įigure 3. One scaffolding material that comes to mind is the synthetic extracellular matrix or ECM grafts for short.
Synthetic scaffolds are of particular interest in that certain materials may cause an inflammatory response or may even be rejected by the host. The remaining parts of the scaffold are the parts that are comprised of the naturally occuring collagen fibers that can be found within the body. Biological scaffolds are made from organic materials that hold the collagen while it grows into place. Have an organic scaffolding for the tendon will reduce the risk of infection. The noncollagen component of the scaffold is reduced through a cascade of steps which include cleaning, removal of fat deposits, crosslinking and sterilization. Scaffolding for Tendons Two main types of tendon scaffolding are predominantly on the market, the two types are biological and synthetic scaffolding. Process of Producing a Tissue Engineering Scaffold Ideally, the scaffold should also release chemicals that help to promote cell migration, cell adhesion and differentiation into specialized cells.įugure 2. Pores allow the cells to interconnect and adhere to one another. Scaffolds can be constructed from various materials some of which include:Ī tissue scaffold needs to be porous. The scaffold can either be inert or can actively help the cells grow through the release of chemical signals. It is the bare bone structure that cells will adhere and grow on to to help form the tissue being reginerated. Tissue Scaffolding Tissue scaffolds are structures that are made of either artificial or natural substances that act as a guide to help cells grown and expand. “ An interdisciplinary field of research that applies the principles of engineering and the life sciences towards the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function.
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